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    Publishing Author : Jay Gray Date Published : 27/11/2018   An Overview of History Throughout the years, dog training has changed dramatically in various directions.  It seems that as time progresses, we as humans eb and flow between ideas and idealistic outcomes.  In times gone by, many trainers believed that dogs had to be somehow broken or shut down in order to be trained.  Much of this thinking came from the assumption around their closeness in behavioural similarities to the wild wolf which we later understood to be untrue.  By the 1990’s there was a great shift toward more positive methods in dog training which more closely matched the education…

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    Publishing Author : Jay Gray Date Published : 15/11/18   Understanding Reactivity Canine reactivity is the most prolific behavioural issue in modern day Britain.  Over seventy percent of dogs arriving at Obsidian K9 for training have some link to reactive or aggressive behaviour (Figures as of November 2018).  Within reactive and aggressive behaviour there are a multitude of various issues more specific to individual situations.  Reactive behaviours span from the mildest forms such as frustrated greeting and span all the way through to true aggressive behaviours where the dog in question would cause substantial damage to another dog or person (type of reactivity dependant) should it be given the chance.…

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    Publishing Author : Jay Gray Date Published : 29/10/18 The Benefits of Physiotherapy Physiotherapy is useful in the treatment of injuries and issues in animals across the board, but it is often limited by any disease or illness that may directly interfere with its work.  When working with dogs, it I also important to consider the behaviour of the dog, and on top of that, the level of understanding and ability from the owner.  A nervous owner can unsettle the dog causing tension and stress which can have an adverse effect on any examination and subsequent treatment within that session.  The final objective is always for the animal and owner…

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    Publishing Author : Peggy Moran Date Published : 13/04/18   Introduction There are several academic disciplines including anthropology, zoology, ethics, psychology, cognitive science, and environmental studies that explore issues pertaining to human—nonhuman animal studies, collectively known as the emergent social science field of “anthrozoology.” Studies within these disciplines examine many content areas including human/ non-human animal relationships, domestic canine studies, canine cognition and behavior, interspecies communication, and animal ethics. The works gathered for this literature review include several books, many academic papers, several films or video recordings, and several websites or databases that share research by experts from all of these disciplines, ad has been performed within the last ten years.…

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    Publishing Author : Jay Gray Date Published : 26/10/18   Introduction Certain issues within Canine Anatomy are more likely in certain breeds of dogs.  It is not a universal issue among all canines for the most part, although there are issues that effect a massive array of breeds.  The three issues discussed in this paper are Hip Dysplasia, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries and Cervical Spondylomyelopathy (also known as Wobbler’s Syndrome) are all common among larger breed dogs, specifically the Rottweiler. Rottweiler’s (and other larger breeds) are specifically prone to all three of these issues, but that does not mean that other breeds even of large differences can also be affected. …

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    Publishing Author : Jay Gray Date Published : 18/10/18   Introduction Understanding basic Canine Anatomy is paramount for all canine professionals.  Without this understanding, we cannot administer emergency first aid, or offer advice to those who need it before seeing a vet.  Although without appropriate qualifications, it is important to not offer medical advice in its true form, one can instruct others on basic issues and preventative measures around them.  For example, a dog with hip dysplasia or hip issues can be helped with physiotherapy but in order to do this, one must understand the hip joint and the mechanics involving this to properly understand the condition and rehabilitation. Canine…

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    Publishing Author : Jay Gray Date Published : 30/09/18   An Introduction To Canine Socialisation And Issues Within The Industry Understanding the socialisation of our canine friends is an invaluable skill to carry throughout the career of any canine professional.  Currently, with the lack of a governing body among the industry, many canine professionals (namely Professional Dog Trainers and Canine Behaviourists) are misunderstanding the basic and fundamental concepts in Canine Socialisation and the social needs of dogs. There is an ongoing misunderstanding among canine professionals on how dogs need to socialise and what their needs are which is causing ongoing and serious behavioural issues for dog owners, requiring more training…

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    Publishing Authors : Joseph A. Araujo, Christa M. Studzinski, Elizabeth Head, Carl W. Cotman & Norton W. Milgram Date Published : 11/03/05   Introduction Advances in medicine and technology have resulted in an increase of human life-span over the last century. This increased longevity, however, is associated with an increased prevalence of age-related cognitive disorders, the most frequent being Alzheimer’s disease. Given the impact of cognitive impairment on quality of life and cost to society, there is a pressing need for identifying interventions that can halt, reverse, or ideally prevent, progressive cognitive decline. One strategy for systematically evaluating interventions for, and mechanisms of, cognitive decline consists of animal models. The ideal animal…

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    Publishing Authors : Maria Cristina Osella, Giovanni Re, Rosangela Odore,Carlo Girardi, Paola Badino, Raff aella Barbero, Luciana Bergamasco Date Published : 2007 1. Introduction Ageing represents a complex biological process characterized by a progressive modification of tissues and cells (Kiatipattanasakul et al., 1996) with a gradual loss of adaptive capacity. Ageing animals can show a decrease in their learning and memory performance (Milgram et al., 1994; Landsberg and Ruehl, 1997; Adams et al., 2000; Chan et al., 2002). The behavioural signs shown by ageing animals might be referred to as ‘‘aged dog syndrome’’ or, when severe, of ‘‘senile impairment’’. Sometimes, they are considered as features of ‘‘normal ageing’’. A serious impairment of cognitive processes must…

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    Publishing Author : Cheyenne Babaco Date Published : 27/10/18   Over the past several decades, a common methodology of canine socialization has influenced biologists, professional dog trainers and dog owners all over the world. This concept, known as pack theory, has become widely known especially due to televised dog trainers such as Cesar Millan. Unfortunately, due to more modern research of canine psychology and socialization, it has become increasingly obvious that pack theory is not accurate for a multitude of reasons. Pack theory originated from Robert Schenkel in 1947, a Swiss Animal Behaviorist. Schenkel studied interactions between a pack of wolves at the Zoological Institute at the University of Basel.…

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    Publishing Author : Jay Gray Date Published : 28/09/18   Episodic Types of Learning in Humans Throughout psychology, we have come to understand that there are many different methods of learning and they all have their place in different teaching methods, with different students.  With that said, however, we have come to understand that dogs and humans do not learn in the same manner. Humans, as we will discuss in further detail throughout this paper, are episodic learners, whilst dogs are associative learners.  The misunderstanding of this information leaves many owners frustrated and many dogs confused.  The clarity of the communication between dog and owner is paramount for progress to…

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    Publishing Authors : R. Lee Zasloff, Lynette A. Hart and Joan Melrod Weiss Date Published : 16/04/2003   Abstract Humane education programs often target at-risk children and seek to teach empathy and gentleness with animals, but few of these have been assessed. This prospective, longitudinal study examined the effects of “Teaching Love and Compassion” (TLC), a humane education program employing educational group discussions and dog training for seventh-grade, inner city youth in Los Angeles, California. The TLC program is offered to groups of 10 to 12 students during their three-week vacation at the year-round school. Students for the experimental and control groups were selected from the pool of those scoring below…

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    Publishing Author : Justyna Wlodarczyk Date Published : 2017   While contemporary dog training is by no means homogenous – and ranges from extremes like Cesar Millan’s popular application of old-style dominance theory mixed together with some machismo (Jackson Schebetta 2009; Pregowski 2014), via the by now mainstream application of behaviourist principles of operant conditioning with emphasis on positive reinforcement (see instructional books by Pryor 1984 and Donaldson 1996) to recent departures from behaviourism’s almost Foucauldian formation of a docile body through disciplinary and postdisciplinary techniques (as exhibited in the instructional materials of, for example, Sdao 2012) – it is hard not to notice certain trends. The past decade or so…

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    Publishing Author : Beth Case Date Published : 2015   Abstract: Previous studies have shown that the playing of thunderstorm recordings during an open-field task elicits fearful or anxious responses in adult beagles. The goal of our study was to apply this open field test to assess sound-induced behaviors in Labrador retrievers drawn from a pool of candidate improvised explosive devices (IED)-detection dogs. Being robust to fear-inducing sounds and recovering quickly is a critical requirement of these military working dogs. This study presented male and female dogs, with 3 minutes of either ambient noise (Days 1, 3 and 5), recorded thunderstorm (Day 2), or gunfire (Day 4) sounds in an…

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    Publishing Authors : Noel Fitzpatrick, Judith Bertran, Miguel Angel Solano Date Published : 30/09/14 Objective To determine mid-term complication rate associated with a modified sliding humeral osteotomy (SHO) technique and compare clinical outcome with or without focal treatment (FT). Methods Signalment, lameness, pain score, and preoperative radiographic findings were recorded. Modified Outerbridge score and fissure/fragmentation were recorded arthroscopically. SHO was performed with technical modifications. Outcome measures included lameness score, elbow pain score, owner function assessment, and force-plate preoperatively, at 6 and 12 weeks, and 6–25 months. Results SHO was performed on 60 limbs; 22 also had FT of the medial coronoid process. Mean (±SD) dog age was 44.17 ± 33.0 months and weight…

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    Publishing Author : Jay Gray Date Published : 11/09/18   The Behaviourist Approach and Basic Assumptions   Ivan Pavlov and Burrhus Frederic Skinner (Pavlov and Skinner) are two of the leading forefathers to classical and operant conditioning.  Although arguments are prevalent in whether or not they were the first to the post as it were, there is no doubt that these two names are the leading names in the history of psychology and psychological study as we know it today. Behaviourism is the reference to a psychological approach which uses both scientific and objective methods of investigation.  This approach has only one concern, and that is the clear observable stimulus-response…

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    Publishing Authors : Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere, Julia Espinosa, Sarah Marshall-Pescini, Barbara Smuts Friederike Range Date Published : 29/12/16 Abstract Animals utilize behavioral signals across a range of different contexts in order to communicate with others and produce probable behavioral outcomes. During play animals frequently adopt action patterns used in other contexts. Researchers have therefore hypothesized that play signals have evolved to clarify communicative intent. One highly stereotyped play signal is the canid play bow, but its function remains contested. In order to clarify how canid puppies use play bows, we used data on play bows in immature wolves (ages 2.7–7.8 months) and dogs (ages 2 to 5 months) to test hypotheses evaluated…

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    Publishing Author : Lee Charles Kelley Date Published : 08/08/12   Stress: The Underlying Cause The database of the National Technical Information Service—an agency of the U.S. Government—shows that as many as 70% of individuals [human beings] living in the United States have experienced at least one serious traumatic event during their lifetime. And according to investigators at Boston University School of Medicine 8% of those people who’ve experienced some form of trauma have developed PTSD as a result. Unfortunately, we don’t have a database showing the percentage of dogs who’ve experienced trauma. But given the number of dogs abandoned or brought to shelters every year, plus the number injured…

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    Publishing Authors : Haithem, A. M. , Farghali1, Wael, M. Kelany2, Mahmoud Ebada3 Date Published : 2011 1. Introduction Police working dogs’ utility and longevity are presumably affected by diseases common to the specific sizes, breeds and functions of these dogs, as well as by procurement standards. Although diseases that affect these dogs have been identified in previous studies in military dogs (Moore et al., 2001), advances in veterinary diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities should correlate with advancing quantity and quality of life for these valuable dogs. Determination of those diseases that shorten a working dog’s service life would ideally allow the implementation of preventive medicine and management practices to improve longevity.…

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    Publishing Author : Ches Pickering Date Published: 26/10/18 The Birth of Marker Training The birth of Marker training created a ‘revolution’ in dog training back in the 1930’s and fortunately opened up a completely new method for training dogs. Today, marker training is the most common method dog trainers and owners tend to use as it has proven to be incredibly successful, as well as being far more humane. Marker training has of course evolved since the 1930’s, it was originally pioneered by B.F Skinner, an American behaviorist at the time who conducted experiments on lab rats which led to his theory of operant conditioning. Later on in this module…

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    Publishing Author : Lee Charles Kelley Date Published : 23/03/2018 Why Do Some Scientists Still Hang On to the Idea of Dominance Hierarchies in Nature? Dr. Roger Abrantes is a well-known figure in the dog training world. He holds PhDs in Evolutionary Biology and Ethology. He is the author to 17 books, written in English, German, Spanish, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Italian, and Czech, and is one of the most versatile ethologists in the world. In “Dominance: Making Sense of Nonsense,” Dr. Abrantes proposes that we stop denying that dominance exists in dogs and wolves, and set out to remedy the “nonsense” by a) demonstrating that dominance does exist, b) establishing that…

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    Publishing Author : Katherine Compitus, MSEd, MSW Date Published – September 2013 Millions of older adults are diagnosed each year with Alzheimer’s disease, a serious neurodegenerative condition that results in death.  Early symptoms include a reduction in episodic memory which quickly advances to full-blown dementia.  The cause of Alzheimer’s disease is still not well known; hypothesis focus on cholinergenic changes, amyloid deposits or tau protein abnormalities.  The aging brain of a dog parallels that of a human in many respects, including similar neuropathological changes and an age specific pattern of cognitive decline.  This makes a canine model particularly useful for studying the development and potential treatment options for  Alzheimer’s disease. As…

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    Publishing Authors : Rebecca C. Windsor, DVM*, and Lynelle R. Johnson, DVM, PhD, DACVIM The most common causes of chronic nasal discharge in dogs include nasal neoplasia, fungal rhinitis, and lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis (LPR), also referred to as inflammatory rhinitis. Other causes of chronic nasal disease include nasal foreign body, rhinitis secondary to dental disease, parasitic rhinitis (Pneumonyssoides caninum), and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Idiopathic LPR is recognized with increasing frequency in the canine population and may be more common in certain geographic locations. Diagnosis is made via histopathologic identification of a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the nasal mucosa with exclusion of specific causes of chronic inflammation. An effective therapeutic regimen for dogs with…

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    Publishing Authors : Biagio D’Anielloa,∗, Anna Scandurra b, Emanuela Prato-Previdec, Paola Valsecchi d a Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126 Italy b Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi, 81100 Caserta, Italy c Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy d Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, viale Usberti 11 A, 43125 Parma, Italy Date Published : 13/09/2014   a b s t r a c t Various studies have assessed the role of life experiences, including learning opportunities, living conditions and the quality of dog-human relationships, in…

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    Publishing Author : Jay Gray Date Published : 24/10/18 An Overview of Canine Body Language and the Importance of Reading Canine Body Language in Training Author: Jay Gray   As verbal, language-based animals, we tend to pay less attention to body language than other animals which leaves us vulnerable to understanding body language of not only our own species, but other animals as well.  Dogs, on the other hand are body language-based creatures and thus, understand each other deeply in this area.  Beyond this, dogs will also communicate with us through their body language, but our lack of understanding in this area leaves the communication hanging in the air.  Dog…

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    Publishing Authors : Sarah Marshall-Pescini , Paola Valsecchi b, Irena Petak , Pier Attilio Accorsi , Emanuela Prato Previde Date Published : 29/02/2008   Abstract This study investigates the influence of training experiences on dogs’ performance in a problem solving task, namely opening a box to obtain food. One hundred and eighteen dogs allocated to two different groups according to their training experience (no/basic training vs high level training) were tested. In each group the dogs saw the researcher manipulating either the paw-pad or the lid, prior to being allowed free access to the apparatus. No effect of the locus of manipulation was observed. However, there was a strong effect of…

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    Publication Date – December 2013 Research Author –  Alexandra Alonzo   Today, many dog parents take advice from the training methods they see used on television and apply them to their own dog (even though the show gives a discretion notice).  Celebrity dog trainer Cesar Milan created and hosts a show on Animal Planet called “The Dog Whisperer”, where he teaches that since dogs are pack animals, parents need to be the alpha by exerting and practicing “a calm, assertive energy”.  Another well-known dog trainer is Victoria Stilwell, who also hosts a show on Animal Planet called “It’s Me or the Dog”.  She teaches that dogs need to be rewarded…

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    Publication Date – 01/07/15 Research Authors – Miguel A. Solano, Noel Fitzpatrick, Judith Bertran Summary Application of the FITS device in combination with 2 ventral SOP™ locking plates and autogenous cancellous bone graft was associated with excellent outcomes in dogs treated for DAWS in this small case series. Objective To retrospectively investigate a novel surgical technique using the Fitz Intervertebral Traction Screw (FITS) combined with string-of-pearl (SOP™) locking plates for the treatment of Disc Associated Wobbler Syndrome (DAWS). Methods Ventral approach and fenestration of the affected disc(s), nuclear extirpation, and insertion of the FITS device to the level of the dorsal annulus was followed by application of one or two 3.5 mm…

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    Publication Date – 14/02/2018 Research Authors – Nicholas H. Dodman, Dorothy C. Brown, James A. Serpell  Abstract Behavioral problems are a major source of poor welfare and premature mortality in companion dogs. Previous studies have demonstrated associations between owners’ personality and psychological status and the prevalence and/or severity of their dogs’ behavior problems. However, the mechanisms responsible for these associations are currently unknown. Other studies have detected links between the tendency of dogs to display behavior problems and their owners’ use of aversive or confrontational training methods. This raises the possibility that the effects of owner personality and psychological status on dog behavior are mediated via their influence on the…

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    Publication Date – 03/09/2014 Research Authors – Jonathan J. Cooper , Nina Cracknell, Jessica Hardiman, Hannah Wright, Daniel Mills Abstract This study investigated the welfare consequences of training dogs in the field with manually operated electronic devices (e-collars). Following a preliminary study on 9 dogs, 63 pet dogs referred for recall related problems were assigned to one of three Groups: Treatment Group A were trained by industry approved trainers using e-collars; Control Group B trained by the same trainers but without use of e-collars; and Group C trained by members of the Association of Pet Dog Trainers, UK again without e-collar stimulation (n = 21 for each Group). Dogs received two 15 minute…

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    Publication Date – 27/08/2018 Research Authors – Kim B Stevens, Dan O’Neill, Rosanne Jepson, Laura Phillipa Holm, David John Walker and Jacqueline Martina Cardwell Abstract Seasonal outbreaks of cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy (CRGV) have been reported annually in UK dogs since 2012, yet the aetiology of the disease remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to explore whether any breeds had an increased or decreased risk of being diagnosed with CRGV, and to report on age and sex distributions of CRGV cases occurring in the UK. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare 101 dogs diagnosed with CRGV between November 2012 and May 2017 with a denominator population of…

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    Inventor – Gerald J. Gonda, John Vancza, Jr. Date of Patent – 13/05/1980 Abstract In order to train a dog not to bark, a device attached to the dog’s collar emits a characteristic sound whenever he barks, which sound may be accompanied on some occasions by a light electrical shock acting to condition the dog to dislike the sound more than he otherwise would. Patent SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides improved devices and methods for training a dog not to bark, by a condi tioning effect which relies in large part on the emission of an unpleasant sound when the dog barks. The effect 20 of the sound can…

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    Publication Date – 24/09/2007 Research Authors – Lara S.Batt, Marjolyn S.Batt, John A.Baguley, Paul D.McGreevy Introduction Over the past 30 years, a variety of studies have been conducted to investigate various aspects of guide dog selection and training. These studies have largely focused on the selection and training of dogs (Peel, 1975, Weiss and Greenberg, 1997, Wilsson and Sundgren, 1997, Coppinger et al., 1998, Rooney et al., 2004), genetics and breeding programs (Goddard and Beilharz, 1974, Goddard and Beilharz, 1982, Goddard and Beilharz, 1983, Goddard and Beilharz, 1984b), the raising of pups (Koda, 2001a, Koda, 2001b, Serpell and Hsu, 2001, Kikkawa et al., 2005), and predicting and assessing dogs for their suitability for guide dog programs (Goddard and Beilharz, 1984a, Goddard and Beilharz, 1986, Knol et al., 1988, Murphy, 1995, Vincent…

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    Contributing Researchers – Monique A.R Udell and C.D.L Wynne Date of Publication – March 2008   Abstract Dogs likely were the first animals to be domesticated and as such have shared a common environment with humans for over ten thousand years. Only recently, however, has this species’ behavior been subject to scientific scrutiny. Most of this work has been inspired by research in human cognitive psychology and suggests that in many ways dogs are more human-like than any other species, including nonhuman primates. Behavior analysts should add their expertise to the study of dog behavior, both to add objective behavioral analyses of experimental data and to effectively integrate this new knowledge into applied…

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    Publication date 2018-09-21 Research authors Noel Fitzpatrick, James W. Guthrie   Objective To report the clinical application of a hemipelvic and proximal femoral endoprosthesis for limb salvage. Methods An invasive soft tissue mass (histiocytic sarcoma) with bone lysis of the femoral head and acetabulum was noted on radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and MRI. Custom‐designed hemipelvic and proximal femoral endoprostheses were produced from CT images and manufactured with hydroxyapatite coated surfaces to allow tissue integration. The proximal femoral implant allowed tendon ongrowth and muscle attachment. The pelvic implant was anchored to the ilium and ischium with screws, and the femoral implant was cemented. Chemotherapy consisted of lomustine (CCNU). Results No evidence of implant…